冷链物流的含义

冷链是指为了保持药品、食品等产品的品质，从生产到消费过程中，始终使其处于恒定低温状态的一系列整体冷藏解决方案、专门的物流网络和供应链体系。冷链物流运作的目的是为了保质并最大可能延长物品的关键质量属性。

Cold chain refers to a series of overall refrigeration solutions, specialized logistics networks and supply chain systems that keep them in a constant low temperature state from production to consumption in order to maintain the quality of medicines, food and other products. The purpose of cold chain logistics operations is to maintain quality and maximize the key quality attributes of items.

冷链物流主要指需冷藏冷冻的物品或保鲜品(一般是低温或恒温)，在生产加工、储藏保管、运输与配送，直至最终用户消费的各个环节中，始终处于规定的温度和保鲜技术保障下，以期更长时间地保持物品的关键属性和质量安全，并减少损耗的专项物流。冷链物流作为附加值比较高的物流服务，是物流企业必须具有相应设施设备才能追求的重要市场，目前已经成为一些物流企业盈利的主要业务之一

Cold chain logistics mainly refers to items or fresh-keeping products that need to be refrigerated and frozen (usually low temperature or constant temperature), which are always at the specified temperature and fresh-keeping technology in all aspects of production, processing, storage, transportation and distribution, and consumption by the end user. In order to maintain the key attributes and quality and safety of items for a longer time, and reduce the loss of special logistics. As a logistics service with relatively high added value, cold chain logistics is an important market that logistics companies must have corresponding facilities and equipment to pursue. At present, it has become one of the main profitable businesses of some logistics companies.

冷链物流的特点

温度控制：不同的产品在冷链物流中需要保持不同的温度、运作成本：冷链物流投资大，运营维护成本高、时效性：冷链物流时效性要求高、作业环境要求高：冷链物流仓储与运输环节作业更具体、质量要求：对食品类质量安全要求高，一般要进行溯源管理、设备：冷链物流装卸设备要求特殊，专用化程度高。

Temperature control: Different products need to maintain different temperatures in cold chain logistics. Operation cost: cold chain logistics investment is large, operation and maintenance costs are high, timeliness: cold chain logistics requires high timeliness, high operating environment requirements: cold chain logistics Storage and transportation links are more specific and quality requirements: high requirements for food quality and safety, traceability management is generally required, equipment: cold chain logistics handling equipment requires special requirements and a high degree of specialization.

冷链物流的作业对象

冷链物流作业对象主要是一些在常温下无法正常保质的物品，或者为了某种目的，追求更长保质期的物品，主要包括：①农产品，如蔬菜、水果，肉、禽、蛋、水产品、花卉等；②加工食品和速冻食品，如禽、肉、水产等包装熟食，冰淇淋和奶制品，快餐原料等；③特殊商品和药品、化工危险品等。

Cold-chain logistics operations are mainly items that cannot be normally kept in quality at room temperature, or items that pursue a longer shelf life for some purpose, mainly including: ①Agricultural products, such as vegetables, fruits, meat, poultry, eggs, aquatic products, Flowers, etc.; ②Processed foods and quick-frozen foods, such as packaged cooked foods such as poultry, meat, aquatic products, ice cream and dairy products, fast food raw materials, etc.; ③Special commodities and drugs, chemical dangerous goods, etc.

通过作业对象的不同，我们可以将冷链物流分为：肉类冷链物流、冷冻饮品冷链物流、乳品冷链物流、果蔬花卉冷链物流、谷物冷链物流、速冻食品冷链物流、药品冷链物流、其他特殊物品冷链物流、水产品冷链物流。

According to the different operation objects, we can divide the cold chain logistics into: meat cold chain logistics, frozen beverage cold chain logistics, dairy cold chain logistics, fruit, vegetable and flower cold chain logistics, grain cold chain logistics, frozen food cold chain logistics, pharmaceuticals Cold chain logistics, cold chain logistics for other special items, cold chain logistics for aquatic products.

冷链物流的现状

冷链物流理念推广薄弱、冷链设施相对落后、冷链第三方物流发展滞后、冷链系统标准化有待完善、信息化水平低下。

The promotion of cold chain logistics concepts is weak, cold chain facilities are relatively backward, the development of cold chain third-party logistics is lagging, cold chain system standardization needs to be improved, and the level of informatization is low.

冷链物流控制

冷链流程控制是冷链物流运作的关键点，通过对流程的有效控制，实现冷链运作流程优化。由于从某种意义上来说，冷链物流运作就是“温度控制”加“物流运作”的链式运作，既要抓好温度控制，又要抓好运输、仓储等各环节作业衔接及其运作。

Cold chain process control is the key point of cold chain logistics operation. Through effective control of the process, the optimization of the cold chain operation process is realized. In a sense, cold chain logistics operation is a chain operation of "temperature control" plus "logistics operation". It is necessary to do a good job in temperature control, but also to do a good job in the connection and operation of various links such as transportation and warehousing.

参考资料：文字：重庆邮电大学李诗杨老师物流运作管理PPT；图片：百度；翻译：GooGle翻译.