结构设计

上期我们介绍了新产品开发的重要性以及新产品开发的困难。本期将介绍产品开发过程中相对重要的两个过程：结构设计和工艺设计。结构设计包括从明确设计任务开始，到确定产品的具体结构为止的一系列活动。设计阶段决定了产品的性能、质量和成本。因此一旦设计出现问题，将导致产品先天不足，工艺和生产上的一切努力都将是无济于事。通常结构设计一般分为总体设计、技术设计、工作图设计三个阶段。

In the last issue, we introduced the importance of new product development and the difficulties of new product development. This issue will introduce two processes that are relatively important in the product development process: structural design and process design. Structural design includes a series of activities that begin with a defined design task and end with the determination of the specific structure of the product. The design phase determines the performance, quality and cost of the product. Therefore, once the design is problematic, it will lead to a congenital shortage of products, and all efforts in process and production will be useless. Usually the structural design is generally divided into three stages: overall design, technical design and work drawing design.

工艺设计

工艺设计是指按照产品设计要求，安排或规划出从原材料加工成产品开始所需要的一系列加工过程、工时消耗、设备和工艺装备需求等方面的说明。工艺设计是结构设计过程和制造过程之间的桥梁。一方面，工艺过程的结果反馈给产品设计，用以改进产品设计；另一方面，工艺过程的结果也将作为生产实施的依据。工艺设计一般包括产品图纸的工艺分析和审查，拟定工艺方案，编织工艺规程，工艺装备设计与制造。

Process design refers to the arrangement or planning of a series of processing processes, man-hour consumption, equipment and process equipment requirements required from raw materials to products in accordance with product design requirements. Process design is the bridge between the structural design process and the manufacturing process. On the one hand, the results of the process are fed back to the product design to improve the product design; on the other hand, the results of the process will also be used as the basis for production implementation. Process design generally includes process analysis and review of product drawings, formulation of process plans, weaving process regulations, process equipment design and manufacturing.

文字|李恒宇

排版|李恒宇

审核|李小雪

参考资料：生产运作管理；翻译：谷歌翻译

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