城市、业务、人City, Business and People
工作场所中的环境因素，可以分成物质环境和社会环境。从公司的公开信息和个人面试的现场观察，可以得到公司环境的很多具体事实。认真研究各种公司的这类信息，无论作为职员还是作为创业者，都可以获得观察了解行业、公司、职位的基本资料，有助于工作中的思考和分析。
The environmental factors in workplace can be divided into physical and social environment. The information about a company in public domain and the observation on site during a job interview can tell a person many specific tasks about its environment. Whether being an employee or an entrepreneur, a person needs to carefully study such information about various types of companies. Then he or she will be able to obtain basic ideas for observing and understanding an industry, a company or a position, which will be helpful in the thinking and analysis at work.
认真地阅读招聘启事当中的公司介绍。如果公司有网站，可以看看网站，还可以顺便查一查公司的营业执照、股东信息之类。另外，这些网上的公开资料当中遇到不熟悉的术语、专业知识、行业信息都需要查阅相关资料，深入了解。这样还可以为自己面试、入职、工作，或者到其他类似公司应聘积累很多知识。
You should carefully read company profiles in recruitment advertisements. If a company has its own website, you can also browse it. And you can also check information about the company’s business license and its shareholders. Besides, these online materials often contain terms, specialized knowledge and information on an industry unfamiliar to a job seeker. He or she should read some references about them to achieve in-depth understanding. In this way, he or she can gather and learn much knowledge for taking a job interview, starting a job, working on a position, and applying for other similar companies in an industry.
因为应聘本身就意味着自己必然期望到当前的行业工作，所以，无论是去哪家公司，从应聘开始就应该为工作做准备，了解和模拟工作过程，学习可能用到的各种知识和细节，可以小到说话常用的某个行话术语，填写各种表格，使用各种办公设备、专业软件等等。
Because applying for a job in itself means that a person expects to work in this industry, he or she needs to prepare for working on such a position the moment he or she start applying, whether or not he or she works in the company applied. He or she can learn about and simulate working process, study various types of knowledge and details at work that might be useful. These can be as trivial as talking with a jargon or term frequently used in conversation, filling up various kinds of forms, and using office equipment and professional computer software.
公司所处的社会环境包含了业务环境和地理环境。业务环境对外包含了客户、竞争对手、相关实体等等，对内则是部门内部和部门之间的业务关系。公司外部业务环境中涉及的实体，可以从公司的公开信息里找到，这样可以了解到基本情况。从行业的相关新闻和内部消息中，可以对应这些实体了解业务活动，进而了解公司的运营状况。
The social environment of a company includes business environment and human geographical environment. Business environment includes both, externally, customers, competitors and other related entities and, internally, the business relations inside a department and between different departments. The entities involved in a company’s external business environment can be found in its publicity information. In this way, people can learn about its basic conditions. Industrial news and inside gossips can give people information about the business activities related to them and thus form a general picture about the company’s operation.
公司的人文地理环境，首先是外部大环境。公司所在地城市、所在地行业、公司规模（大、中、小型公司），三者相互结合，可以知道公司的行业地位。
The company’s human geographical environment is first of all its general external environment. The city in which it operates, the industry’s situation in the city, and the size of the company, namely whether it is a large-, medium- or small-sized company, can be combined with each other as the information for people to understand the company’s industrial status.
公司所在城市可以作为分析时地理位置上最大的范围；因为城市的各种要素可以理解为地域文化、气候条件、地区行业分布的综合体。可以按照规模把一个行业或者行业子领域的各种公司分类统计列举出来，然后对应到城市的市区分划，获得行业的市区分布。这些信息都是选择工作时，需要考虑的因素。
The city where a company is located can be defined as the largest range in geographical location for analysis. And various factors in a city can be understood as a combination of regional culture, climatic conditions and regional industry distribution. Various companies in an industry or one of its sub-sector can be classified and enumerated in statistics according to their size. And then they can be mapped into the district distribution inside a city so as to create a district distribution of an industry in the city. Such information needs to be considered when a person looks for a job in the city.
最理想的情况当然是城市的文化环境、气候、行业发展都非常适合自己的条件。而具体到城市内部，也是选择行业分布集中的地区，这样更方便个人的发展。因为这样的地区更容易了解情况，发现机遇。
The most ideal situation is that the cultural environment, climate and industrial development of a city are all very fit to a person’s needs. When it comes to inside the city, a person may choose an area where there is the concentration of a specific industry so that he or she can enjoy more favorable conditions for personal development as he or she can more easily learn about current situation and find opportunities in such an area.
工作环境的直接因素是具体的物理环境，比如，写字楼。工作地点所在位置的交通条件、建筑内部的各种设施、办公环境中的基本条件、甚至格子间的布局都是工作环境硬件的一部分。
The immediate factors of a workplace come from particular physical environment, for example, office building. Traffic conditions at the location of the workplace, all kinds of facilities inside the building, basic conditions of office environment, and even the layout of the cubicles constitute a part of the hardware in workplace.
在管理咨询工作里，这种硬件环境是作为重要的改进要素来分析和考虑的，因为管理者认为这些会影响员工的工作表现。其实，对于个人来说，也是这样：物理环境绝对会影响人的工作效率。
In management consultation, such hardware environment is to be analyzed and considered as an important factor for improvement because management often believes that the factors will affect employees’ performance at work. As a matter of fact, this is true to an individual: Physical environment absolutely can affect a person’s efficiency at work.
公司的内部业务环境体现在公司的组织架构上。组织架构图是按照部门画出的公司组织结构，表示部门之间的责任关系和业务关系。部门内部包含了人员和职位两个要素。
The internal business environment of a company can be seen in its organizational structure. An organization chart is created to show the organizational structure of a company, department by department. It presents the relations of responsibility and business between different departments. Inside a department, there are the two factors of people and positions.
描述部门内部的员工时，每人的姓名、概况、性格、能力、社会背景、所在职位这些要素可以大体勾画出某个具体人的工作情况。员工人数则是部门本身的一个特征。
In the description of the employees inside a department, the name, general information, personality, skills, social background and position of each employee are the elements to create a general picture of a specific person. And the number of employees is a characteristic of the department itself.
而职位本身除了对应具体的人员，对应的业务、绩效要求、地位、甚至办公区内具体的空间位置，通过这些要素可以知道具体职位在公司的重要性。部门内部的职位种类和每个职位数目则是部门本身的特征。
And positions can be assigned to specific employees. It also has specific business, performance requirements, status and even a specific spatial location inside the office area. Through all these factors, people can know the importance of a particular position in a company. The position types inside a department and the number of positions in each type is a characteristic of a department itself.
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