波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那2013年版5芬尼硬币（收于2018年)波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那，简称波黑；位于原南斯拉夫中部，介于克罗地亚和塞尔维亚两共和国之间。面积5.12万平方公里。人口382万（2014年），首都，萨拉热窝。波黑主席团由三人所组成，每人各属一个民族（波什尼亚克人、塞尔维亚人、克罗地亚人），任期为四年，四年中每人轮流就任八个月主席团主席的职位。
波黑自新石器时代就有人类居住。早期居民为伊利里亚人。该地于公元前168年由罗马帝国占领。455年时东哥特人将该地区占领， 6世纪末7世纪初，部分斯拉夫人南迁到巴尔干半岛，在波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那等地定居。12世纪末叶斯拉夫人建立了独立的波斯尼亚公国。14世纪末，波斯尼亚曾是南部斯拉夫人最强盛的国家。1463年后成为土耳其属地，1908年被奥匈帝国占领。1918年第一次世界大战结束后，南部斯拉夫民族成立了塞尔维亚人-克罗地亚人-斯洛文尼亚人王国；1929年改称南斯拉夫王国；第二次世界大战后波黑正式成为南斯拉夫联邦的一个共和国。1991年1月9日，波黑塞族领导人宣布单独成立波黑塞尔维亚人民共和国。同年6月南斯拉夫社会主义联邦共和国开始解体。10月25日波黑议会宣布波黑为主权国。1992年 3月3日，波黑议会在塞尔维亚人议员缺席抵制的情况下宣布独立。同年5月22日，联合国接纳波黑共和国为正式成员国。1995年4月3日，中国和波黑建立大使级外交关系。截至2011年底，共有165个国家同波黑建交。
波黑货币为可兑换马克，又称波黑马克，1995年宣布发行，1998年取代波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那第纳尔、克罗地亚库纳和塞族共和国第纳尔，成为波黑的货币；1可兑换马克=100芬尼。此5芬尼硬币以镀上镍的钢制成，正面主图为大三角形，沿三角形的一条边还有一排小星星。大三角形的三条边象征组成波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那共和国的三个主要民族，即穆斯林族、塞尔维亚族和克罗地亚族。背面主图为国家版图、面额。Bosnia and Herzegovina, or Bosnia and Herzegovina for short; Located in the central part of the former Yugoslavia, between Croatia and Serbia.It covers an area of 51,200 square kilometers.Population 3.82 million (2014), capital, Sarajevo.The Bosnia and Herzegovina Presidency consists of three members, each of whom belongs to one ethnic group (Bosniaks, Serbs, Croats). The term of office is four years, and each member takes turns to assume the post of Chairman of the Presidency for eight months during the four years.
Bosnia and Herzegovina has been inhabited by human beings since the Neolithic Age. The early inhabitants were Illyrians. The place was occupied by the Roman Empire in 168 BC. Ostrogoths occupied the area in 455. At the end of the 6th century and the beginning of the 7th century, some Slavs moved south to the Balkans and settled in Bosnia and Herzegovina and other places. At the end of the 12th century, Slavs established the independent principality of Bosnia. At the end of the 14th century, Bosnia was once the most powerful Slavic country in the south.It became a Turkish territory after 1463 and was occupied by Austria-Hungary in 1908. After the end of the First World War in 1918, the Slavic people in the south established the kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.It was renamed the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929. Bosnia and Herzegovina officially became a republic of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia after the Second World War，On January 9, 1991,Bosnia and Herzegovina leader announced the establishment of a separate Bosnia and HerzegovinaPeople's Republic.In June of the same year, the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia began to disintegrate. On October 25, the Bosnia and Herzegovina Parliament announced Bosnia and Herzegovina as the main power state. On March 3, 1992, the Bosnia and Herzegovina parliament declared its independence in the absence of Serb members. On May 22 of the same year, the United Nations accepted the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina as a full member. On April 3, 1995, China and Bosnia and Herzegovina established diplomatic relations at the ambassadorial level. By the end of 2011, 165 countries had established diplomatic relations with Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The currency of Bosnia and Herzegovina is convertible mark, also known as BIH mark,Issued in 1995，Replaced Bosnia and Herzegovina Dinar, Croatia Kuna and Republika Srpska Dinar as the currency of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1998；1 Convertible Mark =100 Finney. The 5- Finney coin was made of nickel plated steel. The front main picture is a large triangle with a row of small stars along one side of the triangle. The three sides of the big triangle symbolize the three main ethnic groups that make up the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, namely Muslims, Serbs and Croats. The main picture on the back shows the national territory and denomination.
